What are the 3 components of a touch screen?

Touch screens have become an essential part of modern electronic devices, from smartphones and tablets to ATMs and car navigation systems. They allow us to interact with technology in a more intuitive and efficient way, but have you ever wondered how they work? 

Touch Sensor
The touch sensor is the most critical component of a touch screen. It is responsible for detecting the position and movement of a user's finger or stylus on the screen. There are several types of touch sensors, including resistive, capacitive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors. Resistive touch sensors use two thin layers of conductive material separated by an insulating layer. When the user touches the screen, the two conductive layers come into contact, creating a change in electrical current that is detected by the device. Capacitive touch sensors, on the other hand, use a layer of conductive material, typically indium tin oxide (ITO), that covers the entire surface of the screen. When a user touches the screen, the capacitance of the sensor changes, and this change is detected by the device.
Controller
The controller is the component that processes the signals received from the touch sensor and translates them into actions on the screen. It determines the location, speed, and direction of the touch and sends the appropriate commands to the device's operating system. The controller can be integrated into the touch sensor, or it can be a separate component connected to the sensor.

Software
The software is the user interface that allows the device to respond to the user's touch. It is responsible for interpreting the commands sent by the controller and translating them into actions on the screen. The software can be a pre-installed operating system or an application designed specifically for the touch screen device.